1、To refute an argument is to show that
A、 it is unsuccessful.
B、 its premises do not follow from its conclusion.
C、 it is practically useless.
D、 it is irrefutable.
E、 its conclusion is among its premises.
2、 To refute an argument by parallel reasoning is to
A、 show that the form of the argument is valid, by producing another valid argument of the same form.
B、 show that the form of the argument is invalid, by producing another valid argument of the same form.
C、 show that the form of the argument is
3、To attack a straw man is to show that
A、 an argument is made from straw.
B、 any argument made from straw cannot be valid.
C、 a particular argument is not sound, but in the course of doing so, to misrepresent one’s target argument.
D、 a particular argument is not sound, but in the c
4、A reductio ad absurdum is a demonstration that
A、 a particular premise implies a particular conclusion.
B、 a particular conclusion is also a premise.
C、 a particular premise implies some absurd conclusion.
D、 a particular conclusion implies some particular premise.
E、 All of the above.
5、A reductio ad absurdum is an attempt to show that the argument is
A、 valid by proving its conclusion on its independent grounds.
B、 unsuccessful by showing that its conclusion is obviously false.
C、 unsuccessful by showing that some of its premises are false.
D、 unsuccessful by showing that the conclusion doe
6、Consider the following dialogue:Argle: You shouldn’t walk on the grass, because if everybody did that, the grass would die from trampling.Bargle: That’s just like arguing that I shouldn’t go to the theater now, because if everyone did that, the theat
A、 refute a straw man.
B、 refute Argle’s reasoning by reduction ad absurdum.
C、 refute Argle’s reasoning by providing a counterexample.
D、 refute Argle’s reasoning by parallel reasoning.
E、 All of the above.
7、Consider the following dialogue:Fred: On average, Americans do not live as long as Greeks.Ted: That’s ridiculous! My American uncle lived twenty years longer than my Greek uncle did!In this exchange, Ted is
A、 refuting a straw man.
B、 giving a circular argument.
C、 guilty of a slippery slope fallacy.
D、 committing a fallacy of equivocation.
E、 All of the above.
8、Consider the following dialogue:Mike: The state needs to make companies pay for the degradation that they cause to our natural environment.Ike: That’s ridiculous! It’s like arguing that the state needs to make unpleasant people pay for the degradatio
A、 offer a silencing argument against Mike.
B、 offer a dismisser argument against Mike.
C、 refute Mike’s argument by parallel reasoning.
D、 refute Mike’s argument by counterexample.
E、 refute Mike’s argument by interexample.
9、Consider the following dialogue:Walter: There’s a counterexample to every generalization!Ram: Either what you just said is true or it’s false. If it’s true, then there is a counterexample to every generalization, including that very generalization it
A、 a silencer.
B、 a dismisser.
C、 refutation by parallel reasoning.
D、 refutation by counterexample.
E、 reductio ad absurdum.
